In Austria, after Anschluss (the annexation of Austria into greater Germany under the Nazi regime), a similar debate led to the inclusion of lesbianism in the penal code. Ultimately lesbians were not included in the legislation and they were subsequently not targeted in the same way as gay men. Collective murder actions were undertaken against gay detainees, exterminating hundreds at a time.ĭuring the 1935 redrafting of Paragraph 175 in Germany, there was much debate about whether to include lesbianism, which had not been recognised in the earlier version. Many were castrated and some subjected to gruesome medical experiments. Most died in the camps, often from exhaustion.
There they could be subjected to hard labour and torture, or they were experimented upon or executed.Īn estimated 10-15,000 men who were accused of homosexuality were deported to concentration camps. Most homosexuals were sent to police prisons, rather than concentration camps, where they were exposed to inhumane treatment. Significant numbers of gay men were arrested, of whom an estimated 50,000 received severe jail sentences in brutal conditions. The police established lists of homosexually active persons. The thriving gay culture in Berlin was lost. Unknown numbers of German gay men and lesbians fled abroad, and others entered into marriages in order to appear to conform to Nazi ideological norms, experiencing severe psychological trauma. On, the Nazis violently looted and closed The Institute for Sexual Science, burning its extensive collection on the streets. Repression against gay men and lesbians commenced within days of Hitler becoming Chancellor. Nazi conceptions of race, gender and eugenics dictated the Nazi regime’s hostile policy on homosexuality. In 1929 the process towards complete decriminalisation had been initiated within the German legislature.
Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science led the world in its scientific approach to sexual diversity and acted as an important public centre for Berlin lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender life. Ideas for your activities Expand dropdownĪlbrecht Becker – imprisoned by the Nazis for being gayīy the 1920s, Paragraph 175 of the German Penal Code, which criminalised homosexual acts, was being applied less frequently.International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.Political opponents and trade unionists.Learn about the Holocaust and genocides Expand dropdown.Organise a youth HMD activity Expand dropdown.One Day competition: Terms and Conditions.One Day competition guidelines and criteria.Guidelines for Light up the darkness participants.HMD 2022 Photography Exhibition Expand dropdown.Take part in Holocaust Memorial Day Expand dropdown.What is Holocaust Memorial Day? Expand dropdown.Learn about the Holocaust and genocides.When using a search engine such as Google, Bing or Yahoo check the safe search settings where you can exclude adult content sites from your search results Īsk your internet service provider if they offer additional filters īe responsible, know what your children are doing online.Search for something Submit search query Search
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